基改螢光綠貓抗愛滋病 Glowing Kittens Fight Feline AIDS

2qwer

基改螢光綠貓抗愛滋病

Glowing Kittens Fight Feline AIDS



圖片來源：http://news.sciencemag.org/scien ... ine-aid.html?ref=hp

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圖片來源：http://www.nature.com/nmeth/jour ... ull/nmeth.1703.html

http://www.nature.com/nmeth/jour ... l/nmeth.1703-F4.jpg




圖片來源：http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2011/new/sep/13/today-int8.htm

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資料來源：http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2011/new/sep/13/today-int8.htm

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基改螢光綠貓 不怕愛滋病



能發出綠色螢光、又能抵抗貓愛滋病毒（FIV）的基因改造小貓。（路透）

〔編譯張沛元／綜合報導〕美國科學家已創造出一種能發出綠色螢光、又能抵抗貓愛滋病毒（FIV）的基因改造小貓，希望能藉此找出治療人類愛滋病的方式。

移植自然蛋白質 成功進入身體組織

這項研究的目的，在於了解一種能讓猴子抵擋愛滋病的自然蛋白質，是否對貓愛滋也有效。在例行的母貓結紮手術中，美國明尼蘇達州梅約診所的研究人員，
將能讓猴子抵擋愛滋病的蛋白質的基因，移植到寵物貓的卵子；為便於辨識，被改造的細胞又加上螢光水母基因。最後這些經過基因改造的卵子以人工方式授精，
並且植入代理孕母貓體內。

結果發現，這些基因改造貓不但能抵擋貓愛滋，而且在紫外線光下還會發出綠光，證實這種蛋白質已經進入貓咪的組織，以及這種技術奏效。基因改造貓創造者表示，
該研究有助於加快尋找愛滋病疫苗與治療法的速度。

貓科動物宿疾 盼一併解決

從家貓到老虎也飽受一種類似人類愛滋病的貓愛滋所苦，上述研究也可望改善動物健康。未來飼主可以買到能抵抗數種疾病的寵物，也就不需要經常花錢讓寵物施打疫苗。
此外也可能培養出在黑暗中會發光的新品種貓。但批評人士認為，此舉的高死亡率有礙動物福祉，科學家應減少進行實驗的動物數量。

研究人員嘗試22次後創造出5隻小貓，其中3隻存活；儘管研究人員不認為與操弄基因有關，但這3隻存活小貓中有一隻有健康問題。如今抗愛滋基因已存在這些小貓體內，
取自小貓細胞的抗貓愛滋效果也比其他一般貓來得好。這兩隻倖存又健康的小貓的後代也都帶有這種新基因。此一研究已刊載於「自然方法」期刊。




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資料來源：http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2011/09/glowing-kittens-fight-feline-aid.html?ref=hp

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Glowing Kittens Fight Feline AIDS


Scientists have genetically modified cats by infecting their eggs with a virus containing a foreign gene—the first time this method has worked in a carnivore.
Experts say the advance could make the cat a valuable new genetic model—and potentially protect it from an HIV-like virus.

There are two AIDS epidemics in the world: one in humans, the other in cats. Whereas we can become infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV),
cats fall victim to the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), which causes nearly identical symptoms. The viruses, known as lentiviruses, are different enough that cats
can't catch HIV and people can't get FIV, but most of their basic biochemistry is the same.

Previous studies have suggested that a protein called TRIMCyp is what keeps humans and monkeys from being infected with FIV. The protein, which cats lack,
is thought to recognize the virus's outer shell and target it to be degraded.

Eric Poeschla, a molecular virologist at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, wanted to figure out if giving cats the TRIMCyp gene would make them immune to FIV.
But the only proven way of getting a new gene into a cat, somatic cell nuclear transfer, is tricky. The technique, which produced the famous sheep Dolly,
involves replacing the nucleus of an egg cell with a nucleus from an adult cell that contains new genes, then implanting the egg into a female.
The strategy works in only a fraction of cases. In cats it's been used to create glowing kittens with no other traits, just proof that it can be made to work.

Poeschla and his colleagues turned to a different method—using a virus to carry genes into an egg cell—that had worked in animals including mice and cows
but never been successful in a carnivore. Because cells are readily infected by lentiviruses, the researchers made a lentivirus containing the TRIMCyp gene as well as a gene
that encodes for a fluorescent protein. The latter allowed them to easily visualize which cells contained the new genetic material—cats with the gene glow green (see picture).
After allowing the virus to infect the eggs, the team fertilized them with normal cat sperm and injected them into the fallopian tubes of 22 female cats. Each cat received 30 to 50 eggs.

Five cats became pregnant, with 11 embryos between them, the team reports online today in Nature Methods. Ten of the embryos contained the new genes,
and five gave rise to kittens, three of which are still alive. (One kitten was stillborn and another died during birth.) The 23% success rate is much higher than the typical 3% seen with
somatic cell nuclear transfer, Poeschla says. As well as a high number of animals per pregnancy, the number of transgenic animals per embryo is also high. "A big advantage is efficiency.
Almost all of the offspring are transgenic [carry the new gene], so you're not screening hundreds of animals to find the transgenic ones."

The method's efficiency is only half the story, however. When the researchers tried to infect blood cells from the genetically modified kittens with FIV, the virus didn't replicate well.
Poeschla and colleagues next plan to test whether the cats are resistant to FIV, or, if not, whether they are less likely to develop feline AIDS after infection.

Researchers can use the same method to test whether other antiviral proteins from humans and monkeys affect the transmission of FIV, says veterinarian Susan VandeWoude of
Colorado State University in Fort Collins. The advance also makes it easier to use cats as model organisms for other biological questions, she says. For example,
the visual cortex of a cat's brain is a better model for humans than the visual cortex from mice is. With an easier way to modify genes related to vision,
researchers may be able to gain an even higher understanding of how this part of the brain works.

"I think cats will become easier to utilize as a model organism now that you can manipulate the genome," VandeWoude says. "They're not going to replace mice,
but it gives another tool to scientists."



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感想：


把貓當作白老鼠是不對的說 ~ ~ ~


喵 ~

U552

这小猫和楼主长得好像的说～

water_long

这小猫和楼主长得好像的说～

2qwer

U552 发表于 2011-9-13 10:52
这小猫和楼主长得好像的说～

貓眼中的人面亦難以區分的 ~ ~ ~

喵 ~

2qwer

water_long 发表于 2011-9-13 11:16
这小猫和楼主长得好像的说～

貓眼中的人面亦難以區分的 ~ ~ ~

喵 ~