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发表于 2009-12-8 18:36:50
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关于galleon,carrack,caravel
Gallen:by the late 15th century,oar-powered vessels had all but disappeared from the world's oceans,to be replaced by sailing vessels of various types.The galleon was one such vessel.Galleons were three-or four-masted ships,build high in both the forecastele and the stern.Developed in the 15th and 16th century,these versatile ships were maily used as cargo vessels,although they were sometimes outfitted as light warships as well.Ships of this type seved European nations well into the 1700s.
15世纪晚期,桨船几乎从海洋上消失,galleon正是取代者之一。galleon是一种3~4桅,船首,船尾较高的船只。经过15,16世纪的发展,这些多用途的船只被主要用来当做货船,虽然他们有时也被配置成轻型战船。这种船只在欧洲国家一直服役到18世纪。
Carrack:These four-masted sailing ships were the first European ships able to reliably navigate the open ocean.Although small by modern standards,the Carrack afforded enough space for crew ,carge and small cannons.Because the ship rose high out of the water it was near impossible for smaller ships to board a carrack.This size was a double edged sword,and due to its height Carracks were prone to capsize in strong winds .The Carrack was used most prominently by the portuguese and Spanish during their explorationgs in the 15th and 16th centuries.
这些4桅帆船是第一种能够可靠的在公海上航行的船只。尽管以今天的标准显得有些小,Carack依然有足够的空间可以容纳水手,货物和小号的加农炮。由于它离开水面的部分很高,使得小一些的船只(的人员)几乎不能登陆其上。这种体型是一把双刃剑,它的高度使carrack在强风中较易翻覆。在15,16世纪葡萄牙人和西班牙人的探险过程中carrack 是最常用的船只。
Caravel:The caravel was a small sailing ship with three or four mastes,a broad bow,and a high ,narrow stern.Though often used as a warship,the caravel could also carry just over 100 metric tons cargo.The Spanish and the Portuguese used caravels for both commerce and exploration.
Caravel是一种3~4桅的小型帆船,宽船头,窄而高的船尾。尽管经常被用作战船,CARAVEL也能装载100公吨的货物。西班牙人和葡萄牙人在贸易和探险方面都广泛使用这种船只 |
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